The United Nations Mission of Observers in Prevlaka (UNMOP) was established on 1 February 1996 in accordance with Security Council resolution 11038 (1996). However, United Nations military observers had been deployed in the disputed Prevlaka peninsula since October 1992, firstly as part of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR), and subsequently as part of the United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation (UNCRO).

In accordance with its mandate, the Mission monitored the demilitarization of the Prevlaka peninsula and of the neighbouring areas in Croatia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and held regular meetings with the local authorities in order to strengthen liaison, reduce tensions, improve safety and security and promote confidence between the parties. The Chief Military Observer also maintained contact with the authorities in Zagreb and Belgrade.

Following the successful completion of its mandate, the Security Council, by resolution 1437 (2002), decided to terminate UNMOP on 15 December 2002.